Number
046-EN
Section
General Section
Use
Sector
General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
Function
Dye
Process
Other
Product category
coatings and paints, thinners, paint removers
Application
Lackierung von Karosserien
Abstract
Substitution of a finishing compound based on epoxy resins containing carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, neurotoxicants and volatile organic compounds: naphtalene, 1,2,4 -trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, naphta (heavy aromatic fractions), titanium dioxide. Introduction of a water-based finishing compound in a repair workshop of a company specialized in bodyworks for buses.
Substituted substances
Naphtha, heavy arom.
CAS No. 64742-94-5 EC No. 265-198-5 Index No. 649-424-00-3
Chemical group
Hydrocarbons
Classification: hazard statements
H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
Naphthalene
CAS No. 91-20-3 EC No. 202-049-5 Index No. 601-052-00-2
Chemical group
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Classification: hazard statements
H351 Suspected of causing cancer
H302 Harmful if swallowed
H400 Very toxic to aquatic life
H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Other adverse effects
The substance is: 2B carcinogen (IARC), endocrine disruptor (SIN List) as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC).
2-Methylpropan-1-ol
CAS No. 78-83-1 EC No. 201-148-0 Index No. 603-108-00-1
Chemical group
Alcohols
Classification: hazard statements
H226 Flammable liquid and vapour
H335 May cause respiratory irritation
H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness
H315 Causes skin irritation
H318 Causes serious eye damage
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
CAS No. 95-63-6 EC No. 202-436-9 Index No. 601-043-00-3
Chemical group
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Classification: hazard statements
H226 Flammable liquid and vapour
H332 Harmful if inhaled
H335 May cause respiratory irritation
H315 Causes skin irritation
H319 Causes serious eye irritation
H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Ethylbenzene
CAS No. 100-41-4 EC No. 202-849-4 Index No. 601-023-00-4
Chemical group
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Classification: hazard statements
H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H332 Harmful if inhaled
H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
Other adverse effects
The substance is: 2B carcinogen (IARC) as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC).
Xylene
CAS No. 1330-20-7 EC No. 215-535-7 Index No. 601-022-00-9
Chemical group
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Classification: hazard statements
H226 Flammable liquid and vapour
H332 Harmful if inhaled
H312 Harmful in contact with skin
H315 Causes skin irritation
Titanium dioxide
CAS No. 13463-67-7 EC No. 236-675-5 Index No.
Chemical group
Titanium compounds; metal oxides
Classification: hazard statements
H351 Suspected of causing cancer
Other adverse effects
The substance is: 2B carcinogen (IARC) as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC).
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol
CAS No. 107-98-2 EC No. 203-539-1 Index No. 603-064-00-3
Chemical group
Glycol ethers
Classification: hazard statements
H226 Flammable liquid and vapour
H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness
2-Butoxyethyl acetate
CAS No. 112-07-2 EC No. 203-933-3 Index No. 607-038-00-2
Chemical group
Carboxylic acid ester
Classification: hazard statements
H332 Harmful if inhaled
H312 Harmful in contact with skin
Zinc oxide
CAS No. 1314-13-2 EC No. 215-222-5 Index No. 030-013-00-7
Chemical group
Metal oxides
Classification: hazard statements
H400 Very toxic to aquatic life
H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Alternative Substances
Ethanol
CAS No. 64-17-5 EC No. 200-578-6 Index No. 603-002-00-5
Chemical group
Alcohol
Classification: hazard statements
H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour
Other adverse effects
The substance is: 1 carcinogen (IARC), as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC).
Ammonia, aqueous solution
CAS No. 1336-21-6 EC No. 215-647-6 Index No. 007-001-01-2
Chemical group
Nitrogen-hydrogen compounds, inorganic
Classification: hazard statements
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
H400 Very toxic to aquatic life
Reliability of information
Evidence of implementation: there is evidence that the solution was implemented and in use at time of publication
Reason substitution
CMR
ED
neurotoxicant
Hazard Assessment
Substituted substances:
Naphtha, heavy arom, may cause lung damage if swallowed (R65 and H304)
Naphthalene is 2B carcinogen (IARC), endocrine disruptor (SIN List) as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC). It is harmful if swallowed (R22). Also it is very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment R50/53
2-Methylpropan-1-ol is irritanting to respiratory system and skin (R37/38) and it may cause drownsiness and dizziness ( R67) . The substance causes serious eye damange and also it is flammable liquid and vapour (R10 )
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin (R36/37/38). It is Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment (R51/53). Also it is harmful by inhalation (R20).
Ethylbenzene is 2B carcinogen (IARC) as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC). It is harmful by inhalation (R20) and highly flammable (H225)
Xylene is harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin (R20/21) and it is irritanting (R38).
Titanium dioxide is 2B carcinogen (IARC) as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC).
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol may cause drownsiness and dizziness ( R67) and also is flammable liquid and vapour (R10 )
2-Butoxyethyl acetate is harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin (R20/21)
Zinc oxide is very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment (R50/53)
Alternative substances:
Ethanol is highly flammable liquid and vapour.
Ammonia, aqueous solution causes burns (R34) and is very toxic to aquatic organisms (R50) .
Though the alternative has risks, these are much less important and the safety is improved.
Description of Substitution
In this case a company substituted an epoxy resin in a company specialized in buses? bodyworks. Epoxy resin is a thermosetting polymers used in printed layers as a protection against corrosive agents and to improve the adherence of paints. This experience deals specifically with resins that contained several substances hazardous to human health and implied a significant occupational risk. The regional trade union?s health and safety department in Aragon (Spain) requested the product?s safety data sheet and detected that it contained naphthalene (carcinogen, endocrine disruptor, neurotoxic and very toxic for the aquatic environment).
During the assembly of buses, bodyworks might be scratched and dented. Those imperfections are repaired before painting. The painting of buses is carried out in an enclosed area with an air extraction system and the required filters. However if repairs are carried out when the bus is already painted, the repainting occurs outside the enclosed area, in the company?s workshop with a spray gun. Is at this process where the epoxy resin was used.
The introduced change was the substitution of an epoxy resin finishing compound (the one used to protect bodyworks from oxidation) by a water-based compound of the IDROSTAR series (very similar to the one used in car repair workshops).
The substitute based on ethanol and ammonia is less toxic (it is used to cover metal bodyworks after small dents repairs) and does not require electric finishing.
The main goal of the regional trade union health and safety department is to use this successful substitution practice to encourage the substitution of other solvents and pain currently in use at the company.
Advantage
The measure implies almost no cost for the company and does not change the production process.
Case/substitution evaluation
The alternative product contains ethanol. As a carcinogen, mutagen and toxic for reproduction if contained in alcoholic beverages, ethanol would not comply with SUBSPORT criteria for recommended alternatives substances, but in this specific case it does not represent any health risks.
The alternative product also contains ammonia which is very toxic for aquatic organisms.
Occupational risks reduced significantly as a consequence of substitution given the fact that the substituted product contained carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and highly dangerous neurotoxic substances.
State of implementation
In use
Date and place of implementation
2007 Spain
Enterprise using the alternative
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Hispano
Availability of Alternative
On the market
Producer/Provider
Type of information supplier
User
Contact
Date, reviewed
February 27, 2020