Number
119-EN
Section
General Section
Use
Sector
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
Manufacture of fine chemicals
Building and construction work
Function
Pigment
Plating agent
Process
Industrial spraying
Roller application or brushing
Non industrial spraying
Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Manual activities involving hand contact
Product category
coatings and paints, thinners, paint removers
Application
Used in paints and colours
Abstract
An assessment of environmental and occupational health impacts of a powdered paint, a solvent based paint and a water-based paint showed that xylene, titanium dioxide and TGIC are first priority to substitute. Beta hydroxy alkylamide is suggested as an alternative for TGIC . No successful chemical alternative for xylene was found, but other water based paint systems could be used. No alternative to titanium dioxide was suggested.
Substituted substances
Xylene
CAS No. 1330-20-7 EC No. 215-535-7 Index No. 601-022-00-9
Chemical group
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Classification: hazard statements
H226 Flammable liquid and vapour
H332 Harmful if inhaled
H312 Harmful in contact with skin
H315 Causes skin irritation
Titanium dioxide
CAS No. 13463-67-7 EC No. 236-675-5 Index No.
Chemical group
Titanium compounds; metal oxides
Classification: hazard statements
H351 Suspected of causing cancer
Other adverse effects
The substance is: 2B carcinogen (IARC) as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORT Screening Criteria (SDSC).
1,3,5-Tris(oxiranylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
CAS No. 2451-62-9 EC No. 219-514-3 Index No. 615-021-00-6
Chemical group
Triazine
Classification: hazard statements
H340 May cause genetic defects
H331 Toxic if inhaled
H301 Toxic if swallowed
H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
H318 Causes serious eye damage
H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Alternative Substances
Beta-hydroxyalkyl amide
CAS No. 68368-33-2 EC No. Index No.
Chemical group
Amides
Reason substitution
CMR
skin/respiratory sensitizing
Hazard Assessment
Substances to be substituted: 1,3,5-tris(oxiranylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione hereafter called TGIC has several serious hazard statements on short and long term (genetic damage, cancerogenic, allergic skin reaction, harmful to aquatic environment). It is: 1A or 1B carcinogen (CLP Regulation) and a sensitiser (H317, H334; CLP Regulation) as listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORTplus Screening Criteria (SDSC). Alternative substance: Beta hydroxyl alkylamide is not classified as harmful by EU harmonised classification. Overall, the report considers substitution of TGIC with beta-hydroxyalkamide as advantageous.
Description of Substitution
This report contains an inventory and an assessment of environmental impacts and occupational health impacts at manufacturing, use and end disposal of a powdered paint, a solvent based paint and a water-based paint. The environmental assessment of the collected data has been done using a demo version of UMIPTOOL, a software tool developed in connection with the UMIP-project. A screening of a prioritised selection of raw materials disclosed that the essential raw materials, from an environmental point of view, were the solvent xylene, the hardener TGIC and the white pigment titanium dioxide (TiO2). The report showed that it is possible to substitute xylene in solvent based paints by, e.g., paraffins or other aliphatic hydrocarbons, but these are much more expensive and furthermore they can pose problems regarding occupational health. The report states that a more realistic alternative will be to change to a different painting system like water based paint or powder coating. The report found no practical alternatives to the use of titanium dioxide. A comparison of the environmental impact of replacing TGIC with beta-hydroxyalkylamide reveals that there are advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are: - The impact on occupational health will be reduced because TGIC is an allergen and a toxic substance, - classification of powder waste changes from hazardous waste to common waste, - emissions of chlorine compounds are reduced by disposal of powdered paints. The disadvantages are: - Small increases in energy consumption (natural gas, oil and coal) - small increases in greenhouse effects (caused by emission of N2O). However, overall, substitution of TGIC with beta-hydroxyalkylamide is considered advantageous.
Case/substitution evaluation
TGIC is listed in the Substance Database according to SUBSPORTplus Screening Criteria (SDSC). Beta-hydroxyalkylamide is not. SUBSPORTplus considers that the alternative is less hazardous than the substance substituted. According to ECHA document (http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/1629117b-9c03-4cad-af5a-ae17b957c2fd), this substitution has already been carried out in many countries.
State of implementation
In use
Date and place of implementation
1999, Denmark
Availability of Alternative
Available
Type of information supplier
Authority
Research
Further information
The UMIPTOOL is no longer available, but other LCA tools GAB (http://www.gabi-software.com/international/index/) and SimaPro (http://www.simapro.co.uk/).
Type of publication and availability
Report in Danish, summary in English
Publication source: author, company, institute, year
Miljøprojekt fra Miljøstyrelsen (Danish EPA) nr. 148,1999 Livscyclusvurdering af 3 typer metalmaling COWI A/S
Publication source
Type of publication and availability
http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/1999/87-7909-388-4/html/default.htm
Date, reviewed
December 11, 2020